Koels in the rural area

Earlier this week I sent a message to various folk I know in the Carwoola area asking if any of them had seen or heard a Pacific Koel - using the eBird name for this species.  Hereafter I'll stick to Koel - its the only one round here.  This followed my hearing a call from somewhere down on the Plain on 15 December.

As a result of that I have had two responses, from areas about 3km apart, of repeated hearings of the species.  Both sites have habitat suitable for Koels so I initially believed there were two birds in the area.  Following further observations from the general area I consulted with a person researching Koels and the conclusion was that this could well be one bird moving around through the day.

The presence of even a single bird for several days is still unusual as in the past most of the records of the species have come from the urban area of Canberra.  A first map of this is that from the COG Bird Info facility.  This is very useful as it covers the entire period in which Koels have been recorded in the area.

The sightings in the Brindabellas are interesting since there would seem to be little food for Koels up there.  Otherwise it shows sightings around Canberra/Queanbeyan and Goulburn and one active cell in the Carwoola area - I presume this reflects a small number of sightings by myself.

The eBird record has a wider extent (it covers the whole world but in this case the area from Canberra East is the bit of interest).  However it has only become an important facility in the past few years, so lacks the length of the COG series.  It does show the big gap between the Coast and Canberra.  (As an aside, I have recorded Koel quite frequently in recent Summers at Mallacoota.) 

Zooming in to the eBird data shows sightings reported by me at Carwoola (including one from this morning, in orange).  It also shows some 2014 sightings from a couple of sites at Bungendore and Wamboin.

Looking at Goulburn the species is reported from 5 sites. 

A question of timing is also interesting.  The COG page shows the records of the birds by month:

This seems to correlate fairly well with the second broods of Red Wattlebirds in the ACT (and the presence there of the fruit Koels like to eat).

Much the same pattern, albeit at lower frequency, is shown in Carwoola.

The March records are interesting since they suggest a migration out of the area

In a post to the COG Chatline about the recent outbreak of sightings in Carwoola I referred to having issued a ukase about people reporting potential breeding records in this area to me.  Apparently this is an unusual word but material posted about its meaning could be summarised as 'a Tsarist edict of an arbitrary nature' which pretty much covers my intention.  I could have used the word 'bull' but people might just have thought that was my usual stuff rather than its use in a Papal sense.

Corellas in the 'hood

In the last couple of years there seems to have been an increase in sightings of Little Corellas in the area.  I thought it would be of interest to readers to summarise the situation locally and in the Canberra area generally.

This species has been recorded in 10 of the 105 months for which I have records.  However, 6 of those months have been September 2014 - January 2015 and now December 2015, which gives the impetus to the post.

The species is more commonly found in the dry country West of the Great Dividing Range.  This image shows them cleaning up split grain at the Deniliquin rice mill.  (and I

For the Canberra region the situation is shown in the following chart of reporting rate from the COG Bird Info page for the species.

It was - and I think still is - the view that the initial sightings were of birds that had escaped from the Mugga Lane Zoo.  However the birds are now so numerous and widespread that they have been recently joined by wild birds that have somehow got the message that there is good food and many tree hollows for nesting in this direction.

The distribution in the area is indicated in this map.

Notice the concentration of the pinkest cells around South Canberra: the hot-spots for the species are Callum Brae NR (adjacent to the former Zoo site) and Kingston/Barton (especially Telopea Park where the opening image was taken).  A little more locally they may often be seen in:

• Queanbeyan where the  Queanbeyan River goes under Monaro St; or
• Bungendore, both the holding paddocks on Trucking Yard Lane or Mick Sherd Oval.

An interesting comparison exists with Galahs.  While these are now very common birds in this area, going back to the 1950s they were very unusual here.This is illustrated by the Reporting Rate Chart from COG (I suspect the very low values prior to 1987 reflect reporting bias away from such common birds - they were well established by then).

Using data from the COG Garden Bird Survey compares the pattern for the two species.  Note that the two lines are at different scales, as indicated.

This led one analyst to ask whether it was likely that Corellas would overtake Galahs in the area.  One way of addressing such a question is to use an EXCEL trend function and project the trendlines forward.  Doing this as a mechanistic exercise suggests that the species will cross over in the nearish future.

Although the values of the correlation coefficient for Galah suggest that the trend line is quite good, I am distrustful of such a dramatic drop off as indicated by the projected trend line.

For this to happen there would have to be some dramatic event within the local Galah population or some element of the local environment on which they rely (perhaps conversion of all the grassland, which they use as a source of food, into McMansion Slums would do it? Should that be the case I would expect the Little Corellas to join them in going down the gurgler.

The key action here seems to be "Wait and See".  If the Galahs have regained numbers in 2014-15 then a different picture may emerge.

November 2015

The most unusual observation this month was a report of a Channel-billed Cuckoo.  This is only the second record of the species in the area but the observer is familiar with the unmistakable call of the birds (in Sydney).  There have also been a number of recent reports from Canberra.

Also noteworthy, because of the timing, was a flock of 10 White-throated Needletails over Widgiewa Rd.  They are usually seen in association with thunderstorms in January - March.

Other less common birds have been Restless Flycatcher; Red-capped Robin (the same bird as last month) Yellow-tufted Honeyeater in the Molonglo Valley, Great Egret and Cattle Egret.  The latter were a group of 9 birds foraging with cattle near the entrance to Mills Cross: at least one of the birds was close to breeding plumage and some photos are included in a separate post.  The other noteworthy development is that by the end of the month the Banded Lapwings appear to have moved on from their site near Hoskinstown.  They haven't been seen for about 3 weeks.

Overall the month has generated considerable diversity with 116 species reported.  That is the most (by 8!) species we have ever logged for November.

The migration period has pretty much finished with most of the usual suspects on deck.  Only 1 species of Woodswallow (Dusky Woodswallow) has been reported this year and they have been few and far between.  All the likely Cuckoos (except Australian Koel) have been reported at least once.

The breeding season has really hit its straps with an astonishing 31 species undertaking some form of procreational activity during the month.  'My' Tawny Frogmouths left the nest some time after 8 November while we were interstate and haven't been seen since.  Presumably they went somewhere less infested with bad tempered Pied Currawongs.  The breeding species are shown in red below.

As always thanks to the observers who have provided reports to me for the month.  These have covered sites in  Whiskers Creek Rd, Widgiewa Rd, Wanna Wanna, Bowen Street, Hoskinstown Plain and Village, Captains Flat Rd and Molonglo Valley. 

Summer migrants are highlighted in orange, and Winter migrants in blue.  


1  Waterbirds (pt 1):  (pt 2); (Pt 3); (Pt 4): Musk Duck; Black Swan;  Australian Shelduck; Australian Wood Duck; Pink-eared Duck; Australian Shoveler; Grey Teal; Chestnut Teal; Pacific Black Duck; Hardhead; Australasian Grebe; Darter; Little Black Cormorant; Little Pied Cormorant; Great Cormorant;  White‑necked Heron;  Cattle Egret; Eastern Great Egret: White‑faced Heron; Australian White Ibis; Straw-necked Ibis; Eurasian  Coot; Black-winged Stilt; Black‑fronted Dotterel; Masked Lapwing; Banded Lapwing; 

2 Birds of Prey:  Black-shouldered Kite; Brown Goshawk; Spotted Harrier; Wedge-tailed Eagle; Nankeen Kestrel; Brown Falcon; .

3 Parrots and Relatives:  Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo; Gang‑gang Cockatoo; Galah;  Sulphur‑crested Cockatoo; Australian King‑parrot; Crimson Rosella; Eastern Rosella; Red-rumped Parrot

4 Kingfishers and other non-songbirds (Pt 1) (Pt 2) (Pt 3):  Stubble Quail;  Common Bronzewing; Crested Pigeon; Tawny Frogmouth; Australian Owlet-nightjar; White-throated Needletail; Channel-billed Cuckoo; Horsfield's Bronze‑Cuckoo; Shining Bronze‑cuckoo; Pallid Cuckoo; Fan‑tailed Cuckoo; Brush Cuckoo; Southern Boobook; Laughing Kookaburra; Sacred Kingfisher;  Dollarbird; 

5 Honeyeaters: Eastern Spinebill; Yellow-faced Honeyeater; White-eared Honeyeater; Yellow-tufted honeyeater, Noisy Miner; Red Wattlebird; New Holland Honeyeater; Brown‑headed Honeyeater; Noisy Friarbird

6 Flycatchers and similar species: Golden Whistler;Rufous Whistler; Grey Shrike-thrush; Grey Fantail; Willie Wagtail; Leaden Flycatcher; Restless Flycatcher; Magpie-lark; Red‑capped Robin, Eastern Yellow Robin; Welcome Swallow; Fairy Martin; Tree Martin

7 Thornbills, Finches and similar species (Pt 1) (Pt 2):  Superb Fairy-wren; White-browed Scrubwren; Weebill; White-throated Gerygone; Striated Thornbill; Yellow‑rumped Thornbill; Buff‑rumped Thornbill; Brown Thornbill; Spotted Pardalote; Striated Pardalote; Silvereye;  Double‑barred Finch; Red‑browed Finch; Diamond Firetail; House Sparrow; European Goldfinch

8 Other, smaller birds:  White-throated Treecreeper;Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike; White‑-winged Triller; Olive‑backed Oriole; Dusky Woodswallow; Skylark; Golden-headed Cisticola; Australian Reed-warbler; Rufous Songlark; Brown Songlark; Common Blackbird; Common Myna; Common Starling; Mistletoebird; Australasian  Pipit;

9  Other, larger birds: Satin Bowerbird; Grey Butcherbird; Australian Magpie; Pied Currawong; Grey Currawong; Australian Raven; Little Raven; White-winged Chough

Cattle Egrets at Mills Cross

Going with a friend for a morning's birding in the Bungendore area we drove along the road from Hoskinstown.  (No luck with Banded Lapwings.)  As we passed the entrance to Mills Cross we spotted a Cattle Egret, still with optimism about breeding.

There were several:  

They eventually spooked at which point we counted 9.  You can count 9 as well!

They didn't want to leave their bovine mates so came back.

October 2015

October 2015

The most excitement this month a Banded Lapwing chick being seen on the Hoskinstown site.  It was only seen on one occasion.  The number of birds of the species has varied somewhat over the month with 12 being seen mid-month but only 6th when I swung by on the 31st.  I suspect this means the birds were simply out of site- too far away from the road; hunkered down behind one of the many lumps of bulls**t, or below the rim of a dam in the main paddock. 

The swamp on the Hoskinstown Plain still has some moisture, with Black-winged Stilts, up to 5 White-necked Herons and 2 Royal Spoonbills being seen at various times.

Other less common birds have been a Red-capped Robin spotted on Whiskers Creek Rd  and a Superb Lyrebird seen off Wanna Wanna Rd.  The least common bird heard was an Australian Owlet–nightjar which woke me at 4am one morning.  

Overall we recorded 108 species in the area in the month, which is 8 more than September 2015 and 6 more than October 2014.

With the exception of January we have - like the children of Lake Woebegone MN - been above average.every month this year.

The expected migrants have pretty much arrived on or before schedule.  There are still a few species to get here.

While there is much more pink than blue in that graphic the determination of 'expected first month'  is a tad speculative.  However I think it safe to say that the migrants were not late this year!  

Breeding is happening all over with those species marked in red in the list below.  On the 31st I scored three waterbird species: Black Swan, Eurasian Coot and Pacific Black Duck.  WRT to timing matters seem more or less on schedule, with perhaps a tendency towards early rather than late.  It is difficult to include all breeding species in a graphic so this image just includes the more common species.

As always thanks to the observers who have provided reports to me for the month.  These have covered sites in Widgiewa Rd, Wanna Wanna, Bowen Street, Hoskinstown Plain and Village, Captains Flat Rd and Molonglo Valley. 

Summer migrants are highlighted in orange, and Winter migrants in blue.  

1  Waterbirds (pt 1):  (pt 2); (Pt 3); (Pt 4): Musk Duck; Black Swan;  Australian Shelduck; Australian Wood Duck; Grey Teal; Pacific Black Duck; Hardhead; Australasian Grebe; Little Black Cormorant; Little Pied Cormorant; White‑necked Heron;  White‑faced Heron; Straw-necked Ibis; Royal Spoonbill; Eurasian  Coot; Black-winged Stilt; Masked Lapwing; Banded Lapwing

2 Birds of Prey:  Black-shouldered Kite;  Wedge-tailed Eagle; Nankeen Kestrel; Brown Falcon; Australian Hobby; Peregrine Falcon.

3 Parrots and Relatives:  Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo; Gang‑gang Cockatoo; Galah;  Sulphur‑crested Cockatoo; Australian King‑parrot; Crimson Rosella; Eastern Rosella; Red-rumped Parrot

4 Kingfishers and other non-songbirds (Pt 1) (Pt 2) (Pt 3):Stubble Quail; Rock Dove; Common Bronzewing; Crested Pigeon; Tawny Frogmouth; Australian Owlet-nightjar; Horsfield's Bronze‑Cuckoo; Shining Bronze‑cuckoo; Pallid Cuckoo; Fan‑tailed Cuckoo; Brush Cuckoo;Laughing Kookaburra; Sacred Kingfisher; Dollarbird; Superb lyrebird

5 Honeyeaters: Eastern Spinebill; Yellow-faced Honeyeater; White-eared Honeyeater; Noisy Miner; Red Wattlebird; New Holland Honeyeater; White-fronted Chat; Brown‑headed Honeyeater; White-naped Honeyeater; Noisy Friarbird

6 Flycatchers and similar species: Rufous Whistler; Grey Shrike-thrush;  Grey Fantail; Willie Wagtail; Leaden Flycatcher; Magpie-lark; Scarlet Robin; Red‑capped Robin, Flame Robin; Eastern Yellow Robin; Welcome Swallow; Fairy Martin; Tree Martin

7 Thornbills, Finches and similar species (Pt 1) (Pt 2):  Superb Fairy-wren; White-browed Scrubwren; Speckled warbler; Weebill; Western Gerygone; White-throated Gerygone; Striated Thornbill; Yellow‑rumped Thornbill; Buff‑rumped Thornbill; Brown Thornbill; Spotted Pardalote; Striated Pardalote; Silvereye; Double‑barred Finch; Red‑browed Finch; Diamond Firetail; House Sparrow; European Goldfinch

8 Other, smaller birds:  White-throated Treecreeper; Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike; White‑-winged Triller; Olive‑backed Oriole;  Dusky Woodswallow;Skylark; Golden-headed Cisticola; Australian Reed-warbler; Rufous Songlark; Brown Songlark; Common Blackbird; Common Starling; Mistletoebird; Australasian  Pipit;

9  Other, larger birds: Satin Bowerbird; Grey Butcherbird; Australian Magpie; Pied Currawong; Grey Currawong; Australian Raven; Little Raven; White-winged Chough

September 2015

After the dramatics of August, September has seemed a bit quiet as we haven't added any new species to the list.  The most excitement was from the swamp on the Hoskinstown Plain which following very good rain over Winter was a sheet of water again.  (Following the lowest September rain I have recorded it was drying out rapidly).  This added Black-winged Stilt to the list and provided a safe(ish) haven for a brood of 14 Shelducklings.  Another less common sighting was two Purple Swamphens on the billabong in Molonglo River Park.

The Banded Lapwings are still on the Eastern extent of the Plain but no-one has actually seen chicks yet so we don't know if the presumed breeding has happened.  Masked Lapwings had 4 runners on a property on the Plain early in the month.

Overall we recorded 99 species in the area in the month, which is 5 more than Ausgust 2015 and 9 more than September 2014.

The expected migrants have pretty much arrived on or before schedule.  There are still a few species to get here.

Breeding is happening all over with those species marked in red in the list below.  Getting two nests for White-faced Heron (Bowen Place and Pollock Rd is very good).   WRT to timing matters seem more or less on schedule, with perhaps a tendency towards early rather than late.

As always thanks to the observers who have provided reports to me for the month.  These have covered sites in Widgiewa Rd, Wanna Wanna, Pony  Place, Bowen Street, Clydesdale Rd, Hoskinstown Plain and Village, Captains Flat Rd and Molonglo Valley. 

Summer migrants arte highlighted in orange, and Winter migrants in blue.  

1  Waterbirds (pt 1):  (pt 2); (Pt 3); (Pt 4): Black Swan;  Australian Shelduck; Australian Wood Duck; Grey Teal; Pacific Black Duck; Hardhead; Australasian Grebe; Little Black Cormorant; Little Pied Cormorant; White‑necked Heron;  White‑faced Heron; Australian White Ibis; Purple Swamphen; Eurasian  Coot; Black-winged Stilt; Masked Lapwing; Banded Lapwing.

2 Birds of Prey:  Black-shouldered Kite; Brown Goshawk; Wedge-tailed Eagle; Nankeen Kestrel; Peregrine Falcon.

3 Parrots and Relatives:  Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo; Gang‑gang Cockatoo; Galah;  Sulphur‑crested Cockatoo; Australian King‑parrot; Crimson Rosella; Eastern Rosella; Red-rumped Parrot

4 Kingfishers and other non-songbirds (Pt 1) (Pt 2) (Pt 3):  Rock Dove; Common Bronzewing; Crested Pigeon; Tawny Frogmouth;Horsfield's Bronze‑Cuckoo; Shining Bronze‑cuckoo; Pallid Cuckoo; Fan‑tailed Cuckoo;  Laughing Kookaburra; Sacred Kingfisher; 

5 Honeyeaters: Eastern Spinebill; Yellow-faced Honeyeater; White-eared Honeyeater; Fuscous Honeyeater; White‑plumed Honeyeater; Noisy Miner; Red Wattlebird; New Holland Honeyeater; White-fronted Chat; Brown‑headed Honeyeater; White-naped Honeyeater; Noisy Friarbird; Painted Honeyeater

6 Flycatchers and similar species: Rufous Whistler; Grey Shrike-thrush; Grey Fantail; Willie Wagtail; Magpie-lark; Scarlet Robin;  Flame Robin; Eastern Yellow Robin; Welcome Swallow; Fairy Martin; Tree Martin

7 Thornbills, Finches and similar species (Pt 1) (Pt 2):  Superb Fairy-wren; White-browed Scrubwren;White-throated Gerygone; Striated Thornbill; Yellow‑rumped Thornbill; Buff‑rumped Thornbill; Brown Thornbill; Spotted Pardalote; Striated Pardalote; Silvereye; Double‑barred Finch; Red‑browed Finch; Diamond Firetail; House Sparrow; European Goldfinch

8 Other, smaller birds:  White-throated Treecreeper; Varied Sitella; Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike; Olive‑backed Oriole; Dusky Woodswallow; Skylark; Golden-headed Cisticola; Australian Reed-warbler; Brown Songlark; Common Blackbird; Common Myna; Common Starling; Mistletoebird; Australasian  Pipit;

9  Other, larger birds: Satin Bowerbird; Grey Butcherbird; Australian Magpie; Pied Currawong; Grey Currawong; Australian Raven; Little Raven; White-winged Chough

August 2015

Lets start with a nice snap of one of the commonest species.

How can one not get excited by a male Superb Fairy-wren?

The next photo is of a species occasional in our area, but mainly included because Bill Hall's photo, from Jerrabomberra Wetlands in Canberra:

• is so good; and 
• shows the Australian Hobby improving the Common Starling population.

On the subject of raptors an observer sought my advice about the source of some material she found near her house,  The story and some snaps are in this post on my main blog: cutting to the chase the conclusion of that post was

"So I think I end up with this being a pellet coughed up by a Wedge-tailed Eagle rather than a scat shat by a (Powerful Owl).

Thanks to the several expert members of Canberra ornithological community who provided input to that investigation.

An interesting aspect of this month (and indeed last month) has been the parade of Canberra birders to the area to observe the Banded Lapwings at Hoskinstown.

• The first sighting of the Lapwings was by Canberra visitors and subsequent visitors have called in at other spots.  
• That led to a report of Chestnut-rumped Heathwren in Cuumbeun NR, about 500m off Captains Flat Rd.  Again several people have been to the area with some reporting seeing 2 or more birds of the species.
• One of the local observers called in to checked the Heathwrens and added Pink Robin (# 190) to the list for the area.  It was a female rather than the spiffy male but still a good bird, more commonly found in Tasmania or the Victorian high country than this area.

In addition to all that excitement a local observer reported 2 Blue-billed Ducks on a dam beside Captains Flat Rd.  That is the first record in this project: the birds (species #191) are uncommon in the area generally, although Lake Bathurst is a stronghold. The swamp on the Hoskinstown Plain now has a considerable area of water which was hosting a good collection of ducks in mid-month.  This included 87 Pink-eared Ducks - a high count for the Canberra area, although flocks of thousands sometimes occur on Lake Bathurst.

But wait: there's more!  On 23 August a Nankeen Night-Heron was observed in a property abutting the Molonglo River.  At the excellent trivia night one of our table, from Widgiewa Rd,  described an unusual parrot to me.  I couldn't make an ID at the time but have subsequently worked out it was a female Superb Parrot: they have rarely been seen in the area and then only near Pollack Rd on the Plain.  We have also had reports of Rose Robin (only the second for the area) and White-necked Heron - which has been scarce recently.

As a result of all that excitement we have seriously overachieved in diversity this month.  93 species have been recorded, the second highest for August since I began this project.  It is 14 species more than recorded in both July 2015 and August 2014.  The graph reveals all!

We are now getting in to the serious breeding season so after proving the Banded Lapwings are breeding (thanks Christine D for the image) ....

An ad-hoc post with some detail on breeding activity, including several images of nests, has been created.  The 12 species recorded at points along the procreational spectrum this month are marked in red in the list below.

A second adhoc post has information on migrant arrivals.  Summer Migrants have orange highlight and Winter migrants blue highlight below.

As always thanks to the observers who have provided reports to me for the month.  These have covered sites in Widgiewa Rd, Wanna Wanna, Pony  Place, Bowen Street, Clydesdale Rd, Hoskinstown Plain and Village, Captains Flat Rd and Molonglo Valley.

Please pass on interesting sightings - especially of breeding - to me by email to martinflab@gmail.com.  

On to the main list!

1  Waterbirds (pt 1):  (pt 2); (Pt 3); (Pt 4): Black Swan;  Australian Shelduck; Australian Wood Duck; Pink-eared Duck; Australian Shoveler; Grey Teal; Pacific Black Duck; Hardhead; Blue-billed Duck; Australasian Grebe; Hoary-headed Grebe; Darter;  Little Pied Cormorant; White‑necked Heron;  White‑faced Heron; Nankeen Night Heron; Australian White Ibis;  Eurasian  Coot; Masked Lapwing; Banded Lapwing; 

2 Birds of Prey:  Black-shouldered Kite; Whistling Kite; Brown Goshawk; Wedge-tailed Eagle; Nankeen Kestrel; Australian Hobby; Peregrine Falcon.

3 Parrots and Relatives:  Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo; Gang‑gang Cockatoo; Galah; Sulphur‑crested Cockatoo; Australian King‑parrot; Superb Parrot; Crimson Rosella; Eastern Rosella; Red-rumped Parrot

4 Kingfishers and other non-songbirds (Pt 1) (Pt 2) (Pt 3): Common Bronzewing; Crested Pigeon; Tawny Frogmouth;  Pallid Cuckoo; Fan‑tailed Cuckoo;  Southern Boobook; Laughing Kookaburra; 

5 Honeyeaters: Eastern Spinebill; Yellow-faced Honeyeater; White-eared Honeyeater; White‑plumed Honeyeater; Noisy Miner; Red Wattlebird; New Holland Honeyeater; White-fronted Chat; Brown‑headed Honeyeater; 

6 Flycatchers and similar species: Golden Whistler;Rufous Whistler; Grey Shrike-thrush; Grey Fantail; Willie Wagtail; Magpie-lark; Scarlet Robin;  Flame Robin; Rose Robin, Eastern Yellow Robin; Welcome Swallow; 

7 Thornbills, Finches and similar species (Pt 1) (Pt 2):  Superb Fairy-wren; White-browed Scrubwren; Chestnut-rumped heathwren; Speckled warbler; Weebill; Striated Thornbill; Yellow‑rumped Thornbill; Buff‑rumped Thornbill; Brown Thornbill; Spotted Pardalote; Striated Pardalote; Silvereye; Double‑barred Finch; Red‑browed Finch; Diamond Firetail; House Sparrow; European Goldfinch

8 Other, smaller birds:  White-throated Treecreeper; Varied Sitella; Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike;Olive‑backed Oriole; Dusky Woodswallow;  Common Blackbird; Common Myna; Common Starling; Mistletoebird; Australasian  Pipit;

9  Other, larger birds: Satin Bowerbird; Grey Butcherbird; Australian Magpie; Pied Currawong; Grey Currawong; Australian Raven; Little Raven; White-winged Chough